BSCpE

Poverty, education, health, and politics were the most current everyday issues that the people of Southeast Asia are facing. Maritime Southeast Asia has given a lot more attention from the different organizations around the globe on the disputes that the region are confronting regarding the borders than the Mainland Southeast Asia's territorial disputes due to its economical strategic importance. Religion based nationalism and peace among other culture was also an issue in the region. Maritime Southeast Asia had a more diverse culture than Mainland Southeast Asia and lack of openness to understand another culture hinder the globalization and modernization of a country and the whole region. INDONESIA Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world with 1,919,317 square meters in total area. 80% of the population was located in the west of the country. During the 1945-1960s, this country is strong on its pro-natal views that having larger families and national population is needed to exploit the natural resources and then was changed when the New World Order government took in which established the National Family Planning Coordinating Board stressing a new norm of two-child only to reduce fertility growth (Permana & Westoff, 1999). Although they are successful in the decreasing the fertility rate, this had been almost out of practice in the modern times because of the culture and traditional barriers. Indonesia is the largest Muslim country in the world and their views on contraceptives were very conservative and shows strong importance on being pro-family and having many children is a gift from God. Hence, the poverty rate in Indonesia had increased starting from the fall of Suharto's New World Order. Poverty shows in both rural and urban areas which become more challenging to address not only by the government but also the organizations outside the region. There are 28.01 million who lives below the poverty line according to Statistics Indonesia(BPS) in 2016. The unemployment rate had been decreasing but still, a problem as the country confronts issues in the economy which makes Indonesian companies close and layoff employees. There is no strong administrative approach on infrastructures that will lead to jobs in energy, mining, agriculture and transport although there are promising propositions in this sector. In education, the Indonesian Students were three years lag from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development average. Over 50% of the Indonesian population among fifteen years old lacks basic skills in mathematics and reading (OECD/Asian Development Bank,2015). Again, the problem in the bureaucratic approach to the division of budget for a large scale of the population was one of the factors blocking the rise of quality education and equal attention at all levels.